Faiyum Sir Class Notes GOC -2&nbsp;&nbsp;

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GOC &ndash; 2 (Complete Notes &ndash; Reaction Mechanism Basics)

1. Types of Bond Cleavage 
(i) Homolytic Cleavage 
Equal splitting of bond 
Forms free radicals 
Example:Cl&ndash;Cl &rarr; Cl&bull; + Cl&bull;

Happens in non-polar solvents / high temp / UV 
(ii) Heterolytic Cleavage 
Unequal splitting 
Forms ions 
Example: 
CH?&ndash;Br &rarr; CH?? + Br?

Common in polar reactions

2. Reactive Intermediates 
? (A) Carbocation (C?) 
Positive charge on carbon 
sp&sup2; hybridized, planar 
Stability Order: 
? 3&deg; &gt; 2&deg; &gt; 1&deg; &gt; CH?? 
Reason: 
+I effect 
Hyperconjugation

&nbsp;(B) Carbanion (C?) 
Negative charge 
sp&sup3; hybridized, pyramidal 
Stability Order: 
&nbsp;CH3&nbsp;&gt; 1&deg; &gt; 2&deg; &gt; 3&deg; 
Reason: 
+I groups destabilize 
&minus;I groups stabilize

&nbsp;(C) Free Radical (C&bull;) 
Neutral species with unpaired electron 
Stability: 
&nbsp;3&deg; &gt; 2&deg; &gt; 1&deg; &gt; CH3&bull;

3. Inductive Effect (Revision + Application) 
Electron shifting through &sigma;-bond 
Types: 
+I groups &rarr; donate electrons (alkyl) 
&minus;I groups &rarr; withdraw electrons (NO?, CN, COOH)

&nbsp;4. Resonance Effect (Mesomeric Effect) 
Electron delocalization 
Types: 
+M &rarr; donate (&ndash;OH, &ndash;NH?) 
&minus;M &rarr; withdraw (&ndash;NO?, &ndash;CHO)

&nbsp;5. Stability of Intermediates (Important) 
Carbocation Stability: 
Resonance &gt; Hyperconjugation &gt; Inductive 
Carbanion Stability: 
&minus;I groups increase stability 
Resonance stabilizes strongly

&nbsp;6. Acidic Strength (VERY IMPORTANT) 
Rule: 
&nbsp;More stable conjugate base = stronger acid 
Order Example: 
CH?COOH &gt; CH?CH?OH &gt; CH? 
Factors: 
&minus;I effect &uarr; acidity 
Resonance &uarr; acidity 
Hybridization: 
sp &gt; sp&sup2; &gt; sp&sup3;

&nbsp;7. Basic Strength 
Rule: 
&nbsp;More available lone pair = stronger base 
Example: 
NH3&nbsp;&gt; H2O &gt; HF 
Factors: 
+I increases basicity 
&minus;I decreases basicity 
&nbsp;8. Tautomerism 
Keto ? Enol form 
Example: 
CH?&ndash;CO&ndash;CH? ? CH?=C(OH)&ndash;CH?

Enol stability &uarr; with: 
Conjugation 
H-bonding

&nbsp;9. Rearrangement Reactions 
Types: 
Hydride shift 
Methyl shift 
&nbsp;Occurs to form more stable carbocation

10. Electrophile &amp; Nucleophile 
Electrophile (E?) 
Electron loving 
Example: H?, NO?? 
Nucleophile (Nu?) 
Electron rich 
Example: OH?, CN?

&nbsp;Quick Revision Trick (Faiyum Sir Style ?) 
&nbsp;&ldquo;Stability decides everything&rdquo; 
Stability &uarr; &rarr; Reactivity &darr; 
Stability &darr; &rarr; Reactivity &uarr; 
&nbsp;If you want actual Faiyum Sir notes 
Tell me: 
&ldquo;PDF chahiye&rdquo; or 
&ldquo;short notes / one page revision&rdquo; or 
&ldquo;questions + PYQs&rdquo; 
I&rsquo;ll get you exact format (handwritten style + tricks) ?

GOC–2.... [notes]..

&ldquo;Faiyum Sir GOC -1&nbsp;&nbsp;Class notes PDF&rdquo; &nbsp;publicly available for free (most are either paid or private coaching material) .

 
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GOC–2.... [notes]..

GOC–2...[notes].. (1)