GOC–2.... [notes]..

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Faiyum Sir Class Notes GOC -2

“Faiyum Sir GOC 2 notes PDF” publicly available for free (most are either paid or private coaching material) .

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GOC – 2 (Complete Notes – Reaction Mechanism Basics)

1. Types of Bond Cleavage
(i) Homolytic Cleavage
Equal splitting of bond
Forms free radicals
Example:Cl–Cl → Cl• + Cl•

Happens in non-polar solvents / high temp / UV
(ii) Heterolytic Cleavage
Unequal splitting
Forms ions
Example:
CH?–Br → CH?? + Br?

Common in polar reactions

2. Reactive Intermediates
? (A) Carbocation (C?)
Positive charge on carbon
sp² hybridized, planar
Stability Order:
? 3° > 2° > 1° > CH??
Reason:
+I effect
Hyperconjugation

(B) Carbanion (C?)
Negative charge
sp³ hybridized, pyramidal
Stability Order:
CH3 > 1° > 2° > 3°
Reason:
+I groups destabilize
−I groups stabilize

3. Inductive Effect (Revision + Application)
Electron shifting through σ-bond
Types:
+I groups → donate electrons (alkyl)
−I groups → withdraw electrons (NO?, CN, COOH)

4. Resonance Effect (Mesomeric Effect)
Electron delocalization
Types:
+M → donate (–OH, –NH?)
−M → withdraw (–NO?, –CHO)

5. Stability of Intermediates (Important)
Carbocation Stability:
Resonance > Hyperconjugation > Inductive
Carbanion Stability:
−I groups increase stability
Resonance stabilizes strongly

6. Acidic Strength (VERY IMPORTANT)
Rule:
More stable conjugate base = stronger acid
Order Example:
CH?COOH > CH?CH?OH > CH?
Factors:
−I effect ↑ acidity
Resonance ↑ acidity
Hybridization:
sp > sp² > sp³

7. Basic Strength
Rule:
More available lone pair = stronger base
Example:
NH3 > H2O > HF
Factors:
+I increases basicity
−I decreases basicity
8. Tautomerism
Keto ? Enol form
Example:
CH?–CO–CH? ? CH?=C(OH)–CH?

Enol stability ↑ with:
Conjugation
H-bonding

9. Rearrangement Reactions
Types:
Hydride shift
Methyl shift
Occurs to form more stable carbocation

10. Electrophile & Nucleophile
Electrophile (E?)
Electron loving
Example: H?, NO??
Nucleophile (Nu?)
Electron rich
Example: OH?, CN?

Quick Revision Trick (Faiyum Sir Style ?)
“Stability decides everything”
Stability ↑ → Reactivity ↓
Stability ↓ → Reactivity ↑
If you want actual Faiyum Sir notes
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